Reciprocating engine.



E. A. BBRKIINS.l 'RBGIPROGATING ENGINE.- APPLICATION P ILBD $5111.14, 1911.

Lose-,90a

Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

.Z SHTS-SHEET 2 v drawings', forming a part ofthis' specifica tion, 1n explainingits nature.

. tively long, properly' balanced stroke and bers Containing the pistons andwhich. might l phragm-by means which -will compensate for ing through apartitionor diaphragm interblage of parts as can be easily made.

.it is shownin the form of a rock drill or `proper understanding of the working parts.

of Fig. l.` Fig-4 is a section on the line lor lpart of the .drill towhich special refera persn'ectiveshowilng the metallic packing- UNITED -STTES- EDWIN A. PERKINS, or NEW rena, it. Y.

RECIPROCATING ENGINE.

Spectcation of Letters ."Patcnt.

Fatented Dee. Si), Eff

To allalgh'om it may concern.'

Be it known that I, EDWIN A. PERK1Nsof New York, inthecounty and Stateoi:l New York, a citizen ofthe United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Reciprocating Engines, of which the follow.- ingisa full,fclear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying My -invention 'relates tor a reciprocatingengine'or drillofthat valvel'ess type having reciprocating -pistons connected with one another and reciprocated 'by the admission of fluid pressure thereto.

It is among. the objects of my invention to provide an engine or drill of the above character ywith anarrangement,4 whereby'the pistons may be alternately impelled and ref tracted, or,l in other words, v'recipro'cated by the admission of pressure directly to the inside ends .of the piston's'themselves, thereby eliminating strain from the piston rod by the application ofpower directly to the pistons instead of-indirectly through -said rod;- to provide also a construction in which the pistons and-connecting rod will have a relathis essentially by'preventing a leakage of' fluid 'pressurebetween the .respective chamotherwise occur around the piston rodpassvposed between ysaidvchambers; to eii'ecta closu're between said chambers around the pis.- ton rod at the point of said partition or diawear at this point; to provide an improved form of metallicpacking for etecting such closuregand -t-o provide also 'an engine or drill of such construction or such assem- Mylnvention can best` be seen and understood by reference to the drawings in which such .portion thereof as is necessary to af Figure lish'ows the drill in vertical cross section. `Fig-.2 is a. section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.1 Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 1r-450i Fig. 1. Fig.- 5 is a plan cfa portion ence `will hereinafter be made. Fig.'6 isa section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5. -F1 r. 7 is to which reference will hereinaft vwhile Figs. 8 and 9 show i the handle and 2 the barrel or baril-y disposed, interiorlythreaded inner ein .parts 3 and. liwhich form the bodyot ,is provided (as may be vpreferably quadrangula instrument or means which assists j tention or' such packing.

Referring to the drawing-js--N r1,

drill. 4The body 2 is madesecticnal in acter, consistingl or' the sections or 1 and 4, respectively, and of which ti'. 4 is secured to the section by an ol tion 5 which screws onto the inner e riorly-threaded end portion'oithe section f.

Formed within the respective sections er parts comprising the body of cylindrical chambers 6 and T Contained. within these res-poeti" `ax to 'reciprocate 'therein are pist'c respectively. Ot these pistons which reciprocates within the csa faber 6, is smaller in diameter than the piston "iam-fl -mer 9 reciprocating 'within'the chewb The pistons are connected to move both in the same direction by a pistoirrod' 1d.'

The piston-containing chambers and 'if are separated from one another by what may be termed a diaphragm or partition thrughwhich the piston rod extends. lhis diaphragm. apart from separating the two chambers contains also as will hereinafter be explained, a metallic packing engaging the piston rod toform a closed-301m around said rod between said chambers.

According to the construction shown the diaphragm or partit-ion 1i forms a. separate and independent part from the sections or the drill. The diaphragm is located within 'the inner end portion of the section i of the drill and between andthe section il., `the diaphragm being held byV and between said sections on bringin@ thesame together. 1 l

body of the'diaphragm consists of a short 11 cylindrical portion 12 which is the partheli' between the sections 3 and '4 as e piained. The body i2 has a bore "r p .considerably larger than the which extends through it. 0n the Seen by'ret'erence Figs. 5 and 6) witha series of wings arranged which bear laterally againt.. interior end portion of the section 3 of toe b'o-iyloiE thei drill within which the diaphragm is con-m tained. At its opposite ends the body i? ot the diaphragm when held as aforesaid., en-

naar mamans coni? diaphragm is preferably Y clip 22.

es tias respective sections 3 and 4 in those ris forming the inner ends of their respeccylindrical chambers; In order to provide tight joints at these points the body of socketed withds' ot the respective sections, the engaging parts being rovided with beveled or inclined meeting e ges 14. y

is above explained the interior face the distance removed from in ne en the piston rod leaving an yannular chamber or box 15 between said parte. The bottom end of this chamber `@the piston rod between ing up wea-r'. ln Fig is closed by an annular ledge portion 16 which ext-.ends inwardly in the direction of and to the piston rod from the bottom Aend of said body 19 of the diaphragm. The top end of this chamber is closed as shown by a ring 17 which is threaded to fit into the top end "of said body 12. tw een 'the top end of said body and the piston rod. Both the edge portion 16 and the ring 17 are provided which extend inwardly toward one another alongside the piston rod and form flanges which assist in the retention of packing 19 contained within the chamber or box formed within the diaphragm andloc'ated around l A p the ends of said lips i8 which act to hold the same in place as against longitudinal displacement.

The packing 19 may consist of any suitable metallic packin around the piston rod and be Icapable of tak- A .y 7 there ispshown ,a type or form of packing. which 1 prefer to ein pioy. This consists of an expansible and factible metal tube or cylinder compris a number of curved sections 20 which by ,one another to form broken transe joints. Trapped around this acking and over the annular lips 18 of t e diaphragm is a. covering 21 of somel yielding material preferably a fibrous material such as leather. There is then applied to the packing and covering'21 a retaining spring I prefer to employ a. tubular having overlapping ends substantially like that shown in Fig. 9. The packing and means ttor retaining the same do not entirely' till the chamber or box of the diaphragm for at the rear of the clip 22 there is .lett an annular fluid pressure space or compartment in communication' with the chamber 6 of the drill by way of openings 28 formed through the ring 17 which closes the upper end of said chamber 15.

Referring now which relates to the admission and expulsion of the fluid pressure which reciprocatcs the respective pistons for alternately i mpelling and retracting the same, attention is first directed to the fi`uidnin`let opening 2i oily olf the diaphragm is some little and fills the'space bg..

with annular lips' 18 l which may fit snugly.

Clipv to that part of the drillj .end of thepiston 6" will enter these 'ing or passage 27 by tion and before it has municatin'g with this port is a passage Q5 formed -in the wall of said-section 3 and .which extends downwardly and thence in wardly to 'communicate with the cylindrical chamber 6, lcontaining pointl near the bottom below 'said piston or.

end of the chamber so that it- .will4 con-l stantly act upon the inner end of said piston.

Communication is had between4 the cylindrical chambers 6 and 7 of the drill orso that the 'pressure may act upon the inside or lhammer 9 by means of grooves or slots 26 formed in the piston rod.l The fluid pressure admitted to the chamber slots and thence pass downwardly through the same to enter the chamber 7 and engage the inner or rear end ofthe .piston 9'. y

' In the wall of the section 3 of the drill around the chamber' 6 therein there vis formed a circular. compartment 27 which extends from a point ad'acent they upper end of the chamber 6 to t e d iaphra m 11. The chamber 6 at the upper end t beyond the outer end of the pistonj 8 contained therein communicates with the openway of a port 28. The opening or passage openings 29 whichV are formed outside the diaphragm 11 and between it and the adjacent wall of the section 4 of the drill within which the diaphragm 'is contained, the outwardly-projecting Win phragm assisting in the ormation of such openings (see Fig. 3). yThe openings 29 communicate in turn with annular opening or compartment .30 formed within the secthe piston 8, at aV 27 connects also with'.

ereof i s 13 of the diation` 4 of the drill' around the cylindrical Y The compartment -30 also communicates with the atmosphere by way of an Ioutside port or opening 33.'

The operation of the drill' is as follows':- The pressure constantly ent-ersby way of the port 24 and passage 25 into the lower end of the chamber 6 and' accordingly con stantly acts upon the inner end of lthe piston 8 thereby tending to retract the piston rod and the lpistons ca rried by it;- When the piston 8 is occupying a retracted posiarrived at its fully retractedposition the pressure admitted to thechamber 6 will have entered the grooves 4 26 formed in the piston rod and thereby be nlninerl. fnresentsan inneifacle much larger admitted to act upon the' inner inside end 9 tending accord hammer 9',- as before eX- #upon thepiston 8 and effect an overbalanced 'impulsioi'rot the moving parts. This continues until the ends of the grooves 9.6 drawl i ntotlre packing when -all communication is hu "oft between the grooves 26 and the chamber 6 and the pressure 'will have only' a Idirect action upon the inner end of the piston 8 to effect a retraction of the parts. Before suchretraction occurs, however, the pressurewill have moved the piston or hammer 9 and connecting parts to a point where the piston 9 will have moved beyond the port-s 30. which communicate', as above eX- yplained, 'with the atmosphere with the eifect that the lfluid pressure admitted and expanding to act upon the piston 9 will be al.-

lowed to escape rthrough the ports or openings 31 totheatmosphere and thereby allow a proper retraction of the piston 9. In

this same connection `it will be explained.

` that the relative arrangement of the grooves 26 and ports 31 is preferablysuch that the ffroovesQG will be cut off from the chamber o efore` the piston or hammer 9 has passed the-ports 3l Vin order that the pressure admitted tothe piston or' hammer 9 may be allowed to expanda-nd the expanding pressure give a final impulsion to thepistonand connecting parts for driving it beyond the ports 81 thereby tending to utilize to the best advantage the .available power. As the pistons and connecting rod are moved upwardly by the pressure applied to the inner end of the piston 8 it will of course be apparent that before the piston 8 has arrived at the limit of its u1 tvard stroke the pres sure will again be admitted to the piston 9 thereby effecting a proper and orderly relciprocation of the moving parts.

No back pressure will be developed upon the piston 8 excepting such slight pressure as may assist in effecting its proper and orderly retraction for the reason that the chamber 6 ,at the rear of this piston connects througl' the port 28, compartmei'its or passages l, Q9 and 30 and port 33 with the atmosphere. There-will also be no pressure to impede or retard the proper impul-.

sion of the piston or hammer 9 and connecting parts inasmuch as that portion of the chamber 7 forward of the piston or hammer 9, when in a retracted position, is open to the atmosphere through the ports 31., Si, con'ipartment 30 and outlet port 35i.

As before explained, the pressure is constantly within the chamber of the drill. The Inessure being thus admitted theieo, it will accordingly-pass from this chamber through the said openingsl 23 in the ring 17 into the chamber 15 ofthe diaphragm in the rear of the metallic packing around the piston rod, the covering therefor and clip retaining the same and with the resultant effect of holding the covering for the packing tight over all the joints which it tends to cover and the 'packing itself snugly against the piston rod, thereby obtaining-an absolutely tight joint at this point and preventing leakage of the fluid pressure around the piston rod between the two. chambers of' the engine. As the parts wear' the pressure thereby securing a tight joint at all times or until the packingis worn out when new packing may be inserted. Y

v In showing my invention as applied to a 'drill it will be understood, of course that such drill may be of the direct or indirect type or one in which the chisel (not shown) yis either secured to the piston orhamnier 9 or loosely arranged in the end of the body of the drill as is usual in such constructions.

lflaving thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States z- 1. In an engine of the character specified, the combination of a body or casing having formed therein separate chan'ibers with -a partition or diaphragm separating said chambers, pistons located within said respect"ve chambers one of which pistons'is larger than the other, a piston rod connecting said pistons through said diaphragm, the said engine being provided also with a valveless way through which f fluid pressure may be constantly admitted to the inner end of the smaller one of said pistons and lintermittently admitted 4to the inner end of the larger one of said pistons for etecting the reciprocation thereof.

` 2. In a.l engine of the-character specified, the combination of a body or casing having termed therein separate chambers with a partition or diaphragm separating said chambers, pistons located within said respective chambers one of'which pistons is larger than the other, a piston rod connecting said pistonsl through said partition or diaphragm and having formed therein grooves by which communication is had between said chambers when said pistons are in a retracted position, the said body or er ing of the engine having also formed therein valveless inlet and exhaust passages by which Afluid pressure may be constantlyv ad initted to the chamber containing the smaller one o'it` said pistons and intermittently admitted thr ugh the grooves formed in said piston rod into the chf-unber containing the largerone of said pistons a ndoutlet therefrom as said pistons are reciprocatcd.

3. ln an engine of the char'acter specified., the combination of a body or basing having-'r' lformed therein separate chambers with a will compensate for .or take up such wear las 'partition or diaphragm separating said larger than the other, a piston ro eonnect' chambers, pistons located 'within said respeetive el'n'in'ihersf one of which nstons is outlet passage thereiny Communicatingw'th the outer end of the Chamber,containing he smaller one tif-.said pistons and withv the'- atmosphere, said casing 'haring also valve- .less passages therein connecting with' the atmosphere and with the chambercontaining the larger oneof said pistons at points- Wheirin a retracted'position.

' 4.1111 an engine of the character specified, the combination of a. body or easing having formed therein'V separate chambers' with a partition" chambers, pistons located Within. said rebeyond the outer'end of said'larger piston `speo'tire chain-bers one of which .pistons is larger than the other, a piston rod connecting said pistons through said partition and provided with a Way by which communica tion is had between said Chambers when said pistons are in al retractedv position, said engine'having an inlet pas age by which fluid pressure may be Constantly admitted to the v'chamber containing the smaller ofs'aid p istons and to the innerend of 'said'smaller' r l.diaphragm separating said l piston and intermittently admitted through the said Way provided iii/said piston rod` 'intothe.ohambereontaining the larger of said pistons and to the inner end of said larger piston, said engine having also an exhaustpassage' by which the Huid pressure may escape from the chamber containing said larger piston as said pistons'lare recipro cated.. 5. In an engine of the combination of a body or casinghavlng ffornied'therein separa-te ,chambers with a partition. or diaphragm separating .said chambers, pistons locatedvit-hin said respective ohan'1bersone-of whioh pistons is larger than thefother, a pistonrod commuting! .said

'pistons through said partition and provided with a Way hy .which,conin'nlnication is hadv between said Chambers when' said pist-ons mbe iii a' retracted positionysaid partition haring also a packing chamber formed therein and o'nefside or which is open to'said pistonrod andthe rear lside of which chamber is in open communication 'with thev Chamber containing the smaller oi said'dns tons, a'lIuid-prcssed paelnng arranged 1u the open side oit saut packingfehamher around said piston` rod, said leasing having also a luid inlet'pussage in constantcomlnunieathe chamber Vcontaining v(he smaller ol said pistons, said easing having the character specified,V

also an exhaust passage communicating with pistons. EDWIN A;` PERKINS..

4the Chamber oontainingthe other (il-said Witnesses 

